At a Glance
- Wealth is held in trusts, SPVs, and holding companies to reduce tax exposure.
- Low-tax hubs like Dubai, Mauritius, and Singapore shield capital from high domestic taxes.
- Strategic repatriation of funds supports operations while avoiding unnecessary tax burdens.
African billionaires do not move money casually across borders; they rely on carefully designed legal, tax, and corporate frameworks that minimize leakage while preserving access to global capital. The core principle is simple: wealth is not kept where it is generated, but where it is best protected.
Wealth beyond borders
First, capital is rarely held in one country. High-net-worth Africans typically park profits in low-tax or treaty-friendly jurisdictions such as Dubai, Mauritius, Singapore, and, historically, the Cayman Islands.
These hubs offer stable currencies, predictable tax regimes, and extensive double-taxation agreements. Income is booked where it is earned or structured to arise where tax rates are lowest, while funds are deployed into higher-tax African markets only when needed for operations or investments.
Entities, not personal accounts
Crucially, money is held through entities, not personal accounts. Trusts, offshore holding companies, and special purpose vehicles (SPVs) sit at the top of ownership structures.
These entities receive dividends, royalties, trading margins, or management fees, forms of income that are often taxed more lightly than salaries. This reduces withholding taxes and avoids double taxation when capital moves across borders.
Classic examples
Aliko Dangote:
Aliko Dangote provides a classic example. While Dangote Industries’ core assets are in Nigeria, parts of its trading, financing, and holding structures have historically been routed through Dubai and Mauritius.
Commodity trading and financing vehicles in these jurisdictions allow dollar revenues to be retained offshore, shielding them from naira volatility and excess tax drag. Capital is then repatriated selectively for large projects such as the Dangote Refinery.
Nicky Oppenheimer:
Similarly, after exiting De Beers, South African billionaire Nicky Oppenheimer restructured family wealth through global hubs including Singapore and Mauritius.
Capital is deployed into South Africa mainly for specific ventures and philanthropy, diversifying political and fiscal risk.
Trusts and foundations also play a silent role. Legally, trusts separate the individual from the asset. When money moves, it is the trust, not the billionaire, executing the transaction.
Anthony Joshua
The flip side is illustrated by Anthony Joshua. Without such structures, his $65 million earnings faced layered taxation: $52 million to the US federal government, $11.3 million to UK authorities, plus $2.8 million in national insurance contributions.
This shows why African billionaires’ strategic use of entities, treaties, and residency arbitrage, like Femi Otedola in Monaco or Dangote in Dubai, is critical. Lifestyle and income are deliberately separated: wealth “lives” in low-tax hubs, while spending occurs wherever quality of life is highest.
This is not tax evasion. It is sophisticated, legal tax engineering that ensures wealth compounds efficiently while minimizing friction.
