7 nations African billionaires target for second citizenship

At a Glance

• African billionaires use second citizenship to diversify political, currency, and regulatory risk exposure.
• EU, Caribbean, and Gulf passports offer tax efficiency, mobility, and asset security.
• Citizenship-by-investment programs enable fast-track global access for Africa’s ultra-wealthy.

African billionaires are increasingly looking beyond national borders, not only for business expansion but for personal security, financial resilience, and global mobility.

In economies where policy shifts can be sudden, currencies volatile, and regulations unpredictable, concentrating citizenship, residency, and assets in a single country exposes wealth to unnecessary risk. 

For Africa’s ultra-wealthy, second citizenship has become a strategic tool rather than a lifestyle upgrade.

Second passports provide access to stable financial systems, favorable tax regimes, visa-free travel, and long-term wealth preservation. 

As a result, a select group of countries offering citizenship-by-investment or elite residency programs has emerged as preferred destinations.

As Africa’s wealthy elite continue to globalize their lives and assets, second citizenship has become a core pillar of risk management. 

While regulatory scrutiny and compliance requirements are rising, the strategic benefits of jurisdictional diversification continue to outweigh the complexities.

Shore Africa chronicles these seven nations most sought after by African billionaires, and why they rank high on the global wealth radar.

1. St. Kitts & Nevis
Why it appeals: Fast-track citizenship, no personal income tax, strong passport mobility.
St. Kitts & Nevis offers one of the world’s fastest citizenship-by-investment programs, typically completed within four to six months. The Caribbean nation attracts billionaires seeking speed, discretion, and tax efficiency. Nigerian investor Zuberu Kadiri and South African entrepreneur Sean Nicholson are among those linked to residency pathways in the country.

2. Antigua & Barbuda
Why it appeals: Visa-free access to over 150 countries, low investment threshold.
Antigua & Barbuda’s citizenship program requires a minimum investment of about $230,000 through donations or real estate. Its travel flexibility and tax-friendly environment make it popular among Africa’s mobile wealthy class.

3. Cyprus
Why it appeals: European Union market access.
As an EU member state, Cyprus has historically attracted African billionaires seeking European business access and estate planning advantages. Kenyan billionaire Humphrey Kariuki previously held Cypriot residency before authorities revoked it in 2019 following regulatory scrutiny.

4. Malta
Why it appeals: EU citizenship, strong institutions.
Malta offers European Union citizenship through significant investment, starting around €600,000. Its robust financial services sector, healthcare system, and visa-free access to more than 180 countries continue to attract high-net-worth individuals.

5. United Arab Emirates
Why it appeals: Zero income tax, business-friendly ecosystem.
The UAE’s Golden Visa program provides long-term residency rather than citizenship, but its strategic location, tax advantages, and global connectivity make it a magnet for African billionaires. Aliko Dangote, Johann Rupert, and Naguib Sawiris all maintain significant business or residential presence in the UAE.

6. Monaco
Why it appeals: Prestige, zero personal income tax.
Monaco remains synonymous with luxury, security, and wealth preservation. Its zero income tax regime and proximity to European markets attract billionaires seeking discretion and political stability. Nigerian billionaire Femi Otedola is widely reported to hold residency in the principality.

7. Qatar
Why it appeals: Economic stability and Gulf market access.
Qatar offers long-term residency and selective citizenship pathways tied to substantial investment. African billionaires are drawn by its modern infrastructure, financial ambitions, and strategic position in the Gulf region.