10 biggest farms in Egypt

Egypt’s agricultural landscape is defined by contrast, vast desert expanses on one side and intensely productive green corridors along the Nile on the other. 

Despite having just about 3% arable land, the country has built one of the Middle East and North Africa’s most strategically important farming systems, driven by large-scale reclamation projects and private agribusiness expansion.

With a population exceeding 110 million and rising food import pressures, Egypt’s biggest farms play a critical role in national food security, export earnings, and rural employment. 

From wheat mega-plantations in reclaimed desert zones to export-oriented citrus estates and vertically integrated dairy operations, these farms are reshaping the economics of agriculture in the country.

State-led megaprojects such as Toshka and West Minya sit alongside private sector giants like Al Dahra and SEKEM, reflecting a hybrid model of agricultural development. Increasingly, advanced irrigation systems, precision agriculture, and organic farming methods are being deployed to maximize yields under extreme water constraints.

Shore Africa profiles these 10 farms, illustrating how Egypt is converting climate and land challenges into large-scale agribusiness opportunities, positioning itself as a regional food production hub and a competitive exporter in global agricultural markets.

1. Toshka Farms

Toshka farm area is about 60,000 feddans, the largest farm in Egypt. Toshka Project represents one of Egypt’s most ambitious agricultural expansions, converting desert terrain in the south into large-scale farmland. The farms under the Toshka initiative cultivate wheat, maize, and oilseeds using advanced irrigation systems fed by Lake Nasser. Designed as a long-term food security buffer, Toshka integrates mechanized farming and state-led investment to establish a new agricultural frontier aimed at reducing reliance on imports and supporting national grain production.

2. New Valley Reclamation Farms

The New Valley agricultural expansion, including areas such as Farafra and Kharga, represents Egypt’s largest desert reclamation farming zone. These farms focus on wheat, barley, dates, and strategic crops suited for arid climates. Supported by groundwater extraction and modern irrigation systems, the projects aim to create new population and farming centers outside the Nile Valley. The initiative is central to Egypt’s long-term strategy of expanding food production capacity and easing demographic pressure on traditional agricultural zones.

3. West Minya Development Project

The West Minya Development Project is a major state-backed agricultural reclamation initiative transforming desert land into productive farmland. Covering thousands of feddans, the project focuses on wheat, maize, and diversified crop cultivation supported by modern irrigation networks. It integrates smart water management systems designed to maximize productivity in arid conditions. The project is central to Egypt’s broader strategy of expanding cultivable land and reducing pressure on traditional Nile Valley agriculture.

4. GOgreen Agricultural Project

The GOgreen Agricultural Project spans approximately 12,000 feddans in the Moghra and El Alamein region, making it one of Egypt’s largest modern farming developments. The project focuses on jojoba cultivation, used in cosmetics and biofuels, alongside plans for large-scale livestock production. Built on sustainable farming principles, GOgreen integrates desert reclamation with high-value crops, positioning itself as a key player in Egypt’s push toward agricultural diversification and export-oriented production.

5. Dina Farms

Dina Farms spans roughly 10,000 acres, making it the largest private agricultural and dairy operation in Egypt. Known for its fully integrated farming model, it is located along the Cairo-Alexandria desert road in the Nubariya region. The farm produces milk, cheese, and meat while maintaining large-scale feed production systems. The farm combines large-scale dairy production with crop cultivation, producing milk, fruits, and vegetables for the domestic market. With thousands of cattle and modern processing facilities, Dina Farms plays a critical role in Egypt’s food supply chain, offering a vertically integrated model that supports consistent production and distribution. Dina Farms operates advanced dairy facilities with modern milking and animal health systems. Its scale and efficiency have made it a benchmark in Egypt’s livestock sector, contributing significantly to domestic dairy supply and food security.

6. Al Hashemeya Farms

Al Hashemeya Farms, acquired by NRTC Food Holding, covers about 10,000 acres in Egypt’s Wadi El Natrun region, positioning it among the country’s largest private farming estates. The farm produces a diverse mix of crops, including citrus fruits, olives, grapes, mangoes, and wheat, supported by modern irrigation systems. Its large-scale output contributes to both domestic consumption and export markets, reinforcing Egypt’s role as a regional supplier of high-quality agricultural produce.

7. Wadi Group Agricultural Operations
Wadi Holdings is a leading agribusiness group in Egypt with extensive farming operations spanning citrus, olives, grapes, and vegetables. The company operates large-scale farms in reclaimed desert areas and focuses heavily on export-oriented production. Wadi integrates farming, food processing, and logistics, enabling end-to-end control of the value chain. Its citrus operations, in particular, have positioned it as a key contributor to Egypt’s status as one of the world’s top orange exporters.

8. PICO Modern Agriculture
PICO Modern Agriculture runs a network of high-tech farms producing grapes, citrus, and vegetables primarily for export. Using precision agriculture and advanced irrigation systems, the company has built one of Egypt’s most efficient export-oriented farming models, supplying European and Gulf markets.

9. Al Dahra Egypt Farms

Al Dahra Holding operates one of Egypt’s largest integrated farming footprints, focusing heavily on wheat, fodder, and strategic food crops. The group has developed extensive desert reclamation projects using pivot and drip irrigation systems to cultivate arid land efficiently. Known for its scale and mechanized operations, Al Dahra plays a key role in reducing Egypt’s dependence on wheat imports while supporting regional food security through high-yield, technology-driven agriculture.

10. SEKEM

SEKEM is one of Egypt’s most recognized pioneers of organic farming, blending biodynamic agriculture with social enterprise. Founded on sustainability principles, SEKEM produces medicinal herbs, organic vegetables, fruits, and cotton for both domestic and export markets. Its farms in desert-adjacent regions such as Minya emphasize soil regeneration, composting, and water efficiency. Beyond farming, SEKEM has built a broader ecosystem of education and healthcare, positioning itself as a model for sustainable agribusiness in Egypt.