Mozambique has taken a key step toward expanding high-speed internet as its communications regulator approved spectrum licenses for the rollout of 5G services and the expansion of 4G networks.

The decision marks one of the country’s most significant moves yet in strengthening its digital infrastructure. It comes as governments across Africa push to improve broadband access and support digital services across public and private sectors.

The licenses were issued on Tuesday by the National Communications Institute of Mozambique (INCM). They were awarded to the country’s three mobile operators: Tmcel, Vodacom Mozambique and Movitel.

Officials say the rollout is designed to support the country’s broader digital transformation strategy and improve access to faster and more reliable connectivity nationwide.

5G rollout targets cities, industrial hubs

In the first phase, 5G services will be deployed in provincial capitals, major cities, industrial zones and areas with high population density.

The plan also includes coverage of key tourism locations, coastal regions, national parks and other areas tied to economic activity. Regulators say the goal is to ensure early access in regions that can support commercial and industrial use cases.

Operators face coverage and infrastructure commitments

INCM Chairperson Helena Fernandes said spectrum is a limited national resource and must be managed to deliver measurable public benefit.

She said the licenses include obligations for operators to expand network capacity in industrial, energy and logistics corridors, supporting sectors that depend on faster and more stable connectivity.

Expansion of 4G and digital access programs

Alongside the 5G rollout, operators are required to expand 4G coverage nationwide, with priority given to public institutions, schools and health facilities.

Authorities also plan to support digital access through the distribution of about 710,000 smartphones, including both 4G and 5G-compatible devices. The program targets low-income households, students and small businesses through subsidized payment plans.

Operators will also provide broadband connectivity to at least 3,000 schools and 1,000 community institutions, including health centers and public spaces, as Mozambique seeks to close gaps in digital access between urban and rural areas.